ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the effect of DentalVibe on the level of pain experienced during anesthetic injections using 2 different techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized crossover clinical trial evaluated 60 patients who required 2-session endodontic treatment. Labial infiltration (LI) anesthesia was administered in the anterior maxilla of 30 patients, while inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) was performed in the remaining 30 patients. 1.8 mL of 2% lidocaine was injected at a rate of 1 mL/min using a 27-gauge needle. DentalVibe was randomly assigned to either the first or second injection session. A visual analog scale was used to determine participants' pain level during needle insertion and the anesthetic injection. The paired t-test was applied to assess the efficacy of DentalVibe for pain reduction. RESULTS: In LI anesthesia, the pain level was 12.0 ± 15.5 and 38.1 ± 21.0 during needle insertion and 19.1 ± 16.1 and 48.9 ± 24.6 during the anesthetic injection using DentalVibe and the conventional method, respectively. In IANB, the pain level was 14.1 ± 15.9 and 35.1 ± 20.8 during needle insertion and 17.3 ± 14.2 and 39.5 ± 20.8 during the anesthetic injection using DentalVibe and the conventional method, respectively. DentalVibe significantly decreased the level of pain experienced during needle insertion and the anesthetic injection in anterior LI and mandibular IANB anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that DentalVibe can be used to reduce the level of pain experienced by adult patients during needle insertion and anesthetic injection.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Anesthesia , Anesthesia, Local , Lidocaine , Mandibular Nerve , Maxilla , Methods , Needles , Visual Analog ScaleABSTRACT
Objectives: different chelators may be used during root canal treatment, offering various advantages including lubricant effect inside the canal and smear layer removal. However, chelator residues in narrow root canals can lead to apical microleakage. The aim of this in-vitro study was to compare apical microleakage following the use of three root canal chelators via fluid filtration method in root canals instrumented with ProTaper rotary system
Methods: sixty-eight distobuccal canals of maxillary first molars were randomly divided into six groups of four experimental [n=15] and a positive and a negative control group [n=4]. In groups one to three, RC-Prep, 17% EDTA and Glyde File Prep were used as chelators, respectively and sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl] was used as irrigant in all groups except for group four. In group four, root canals were instrumented without chelators and only saline was used for irrigation. Root canals in all groups were prepared using ProTaper rotary system up to F[2] file and filled using cold lateral condensation technique with gutta-percha and AH26 sealer. Apical microleakage was assessed by fluid filtration method. The data were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis test
Results: no significant differences were noted among the experimental groups regarding apical microleakage [p>0.05]. However, preparations with RC Prep+ NaOCl and Glyde File Prep+ NaOCl yielded the highest and the lowest values of apical microleakage, respectively
Conclusion: use of different chelators did not cause statistically significant difference in apical microleakage of root canals
ABSTRACT
Objectives: the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether intra-canal application of controlled direct electric current [DEC] could accelerate the amount of orthodontic tooth movement [OTM] in young adult mixed breed dogs
Methods: fourth premolars of both jaws of five young adult mixed breed dogs were divided into two groups of control and experimental groups. Orthodontic force was applied to both groups using an active NiTi push coil spring. Direct electric stimulation [15µA DC] was conducted by intra-canal usage of electric potential [1.5v]. The experimental teeth were compared with controls in terms of clinical OTM results measured with an electronic caliper every two weeks [four time intervals]. The animals were sacrificed one month [T2] or two months [T4] after initiation; and tissue sections were decalcified for histological evaluation. The data were analyzed using SPSS 16, Shapiro-Wilk test and paired t-test
Results: measurements revealed a statistically significant increase in OTM at electrically stimulated sites compared to the control sites in just one time interval [T3: after four weeks] [P< 0.05]. Histological sections also showed increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity at tension and compression sides of the experimental group compared to the control group, respectively at both time intervals [T2 and T4]
Conclusion: direct intra-canal electric current applied by a miniature electric device is effective for increasing the rate and amount of OTM in canine experimental model
ABSTRACT
Statement of the Problem: The present constituents of gingival crevicular fluid [GCF] can reflect the changes occurring in underlying tissues. Considering variety of biologic bone markers, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase have been examined as bone turn over markers in orthodontic tooth movement
Purpose: The current study designed in a longitudinal pattern to determine the changes of acid and alkaline phosphatase [ACP and ALP] in GCF during orthodontic tooth movement
Materials and Method: An upper canines from twelve patients [mean age: 14+/-2 years] undergoing extraction orthodontic treatment for distal movement served as the test tooth [DC], and its contralateral [CC] and antagonist [AC] canines were used as controls. The CC was included in orthodontic appliance without orthodontic force; the AC was free from any orthodontic appliance. The GCF around the experimental teeth was harvested from mesial and distal tooth sites immediately before appliance placement [T0], and 14 [T2] and 28 days [T3] after it and ALP and ACP concentration were determined spectrophotometrically
Results: ALP concentration was elevated significantly in DC and CC groups at days 14 and 28 compared with the AC. In DC group, the ALP was significantly greater in mesial sites than distal site, while no significant changes were found between both sites of CC. The peak level of ALP was observed in mesial sites of DC at T2. Regarding ACP, significant elevation of this enzyme was seen in DC group both in mesial and distal sites at T2 and T3. The peak level of this enzyme was seen at T2
Conclusion: Monitoring simultaneous changes of ALP and ACP levels in GCF can reflect the tissue responses occur in periodontium during bone formation and bone resorption during orthodontic tooth movement, respectively
ABSTRACT
Favorable apical seal of root filling materials is a crucial factor for a successful root canal treatment. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare bacterial and dye microleakage of two root canal filling materials including standard gutta-percha and nanosilver coated gutta-percha, and to evaluate the agreement between results of these two methods. Fifty-eight extracted single-rooted teeth were randomly divided into two experimental groups of 26 each, and two control groups of three each. After decoronation, root canals were instrumented by crown-down technique. Obturation was conducted using standard gutta-percha in one of experimental groups and nanosilver-coated gutta-percha in another group. AH26 sealer was used as the sealer in both experimental groups. Bacterial leakage was investigated after 60 days using Enterococcus [E.] faecalis microbial strains, and dye leakage was assessed during 72 hours using 1% methylene blue. The data were statistically analyzed by Chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and Cohen's Kappa. There was 84% bacterial leakage in standard gutta-percha group and 76% in nanosilver gutta-percha group. Complete dye leakage occurred in 24% and 27% of standard and nanosilver gutta-percha groups, respectively. The above difference between groups was not significant. In the samples with leakage, recorded times of leakage were not significantly different. There was no significant measure of agreement between dye and bacterial penetration along root-end fillings. There was a poor agreement between dye and bacterial leakage methods. Leakage results produced by nanosilver gutta-percha were comparable to those by standard gutta-percha. Considering the antibacterial effects of nanosilver coated gutta-percha, use of this type of gutta-percha might be more efficacious in endodontic treatments
Subject(s)
Gutta-Percha , Root Canal Filling Materials , Root Canal Obturation/methods , Root Canal Obturation/methodsABSTRACT
Antibacterial activity is one of the desirable properties of an ideal sealer. This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial effect of three different sealers, i.e. resin [AH26], calcium hydroxide [Apexit] and zinc oxide eugenol [ZOE] based sealers. Direct contact test with agar diffusion was used in this in vitro study. The freshly mixed sealers were AH26, Apexit and pure ZOE. They were prepared according to manufacturer's instruction and placed in prepared wells of 30 agar plates inoculated with Streptococcus [S] mutans and Prevotella [P] melaninogenicus [15 samples for each microorganism]. All plates were incubated for 7 days [196 hour] at 37C under anaerobic conditions, and zones of inhibition were measured after 3 days, 5 days and 7 days. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests. In all determined intervals, the antibacterial activity of AH26 was significantly greater than other test materials [P<0.001]. ZOE sealer had moderate effect on test microorganisms, whilst Apexit showed the lowest antibacterial activity on S. Mutans and no antibacterial activity on P. melaninogenicus. The ascending sequence of bacterial growth inhibition zones was as AH26>Pure ZOE>Apexit
ABSTRACT
Studies have shown the regulatory role of Leptin in bone formation, its expression in adipose tissue as well as increased levels in circulation following the adminstration of inflammatory stimuli such as lipopolysaccharides [LPS]. However, there is little data evaluating the role of Leptin in inflammatory periapical lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and concentration of Leptin in chronic periapical lesions. Chronic periapical lesions with different sizes were collected during periapical surgery of the mandibular molars from twenty patients and cultured for 72 hours. The ELISA method determined the concentration of Leptin in supernatant fluids of explants cultures. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric tests [Mann-Whitney U, Chi-Square and Spearman's Correlation Coefficient]. Leptin was found in all samples with the average concentration of 405.55 +/- 102.98 [pg/mL]. There was no significant correlation between the concentration of Leptin and BMI, and the diameters of lesions. Leptin can be considered an inflammatory mediator and is likely to have a role during the early phases of dental periapical lesions
ABSTRACT
Endodontic sealers are in direct contact with periradicular tissues and play a critical role in regeneration and pathogenesis of periradicular diseases. The aim of this study was to compare cytotoxicity of four different types of sealers including AH plus, Sankin, Tubliseal EWT and Apexit as well as their effect on cytokine release of L929 fibroblasts. In this experimental study, cells were cultured in Complete Medium Culture [CMC] and then divided into two test groups. In group 1, sealers were added to cell culture wells immediately after mixing. In group 2, sealers were added to cell cultures 3 hours after mixing. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay after 4, 24 and 168 hours. The amount of Interleukin-6 [IL-6] released in response to the sealers was also evaluated by ELISA technique on fibroblasts after 24 hour period. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitey-U tests. Significant differences were seen in cytotoxicity in both groups [P<0.001]. The least cytotoxic sealers were AH Plus and Sankin respectively, whereas Tubliseal EWT showed the greatest cytotoxicity. Production of IL-6 was significantly different among studied groups [P<0.001]. The highest IL-6 level was observed in Tubliseal EWT and Sankin groups; which was statistically significant [P<0.001]. AH plus has less cytotoxicity and induces less IL-6 release. Tubliseal EWT has greater cytotoxicity and induces more IL-6 release than other sealers. This should be considered during their routine use in root canal treatments